What Is the Trigeminal Nerve?

The trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensation in the face, including:

• Forehead
• Cheeks
• Jaw

When this nerve is irritated or compressed, it can cause intense pain.

What Is Trigeminal Neuralgia?

It is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of severe facial pain, usually affecting one side of the face.

The pain may last for seconds or minutes but can occur repeatedly.

Causes

Common causes include:

• Compression of the nerve by a blood vessel
• Age-related changes
• Less commonly, tumors or neurological conditions

Symptoms

• Sudden, sharp facial pain
• Electric shock-like sensation
• Recurrent short attacks
• Triggered by touch, chewing, or speaking
• Usually affects one side of the face

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on:

• Clinical symptoms
• Neurological examination
• MRI to rule out other causes

Accurate diagnosis is essential.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on severity:

Medical Treatment

• Medications to control nerve pain

Minimally Invasive Procedures

• Targeted injections to reduce pain signals

Surgical Treatment

For cases not responding to medication:

Microvascular Decompression

• Relieves pressure on the nerve
• Preserves nerve function
• Provides long-term relief

Other Procedures

• Techniques to reduce pain transmission

Is It Dangerous?

It is not life-threatening, but it can significantly affect quality of life.

With proper treatment, symptoms can be well controlled.

Importance of Early Diagnosis

Early diagnosis helps:

• Reduce pain
• Prevent progression
• Improve outcomes

A Message to Patients

If you experience severe or recurrent facial pain,
early medical evaluation can help identify the cause and provide effective treatment.